草酸稀溶液高效分离废旧聚酯/棉混纺织物

针对废旧纺织品循环利用中聚酯纤维、棉纤维混纺纱线结构紧密缠绕,难以分离而无法加工的问题,采用环境友好的草酸体系选择性水解混纺织物中的棉纤维,从而释放聚酯纤维实现有效分离,并对草酸体系分离工艺进一步优化。研究表明:与无机酸相比,在相同反应条件下,草酸可达到与盐酸相当的分离效果且所得聚酯纤维形态更完整,棉纤维水解程度更低,水解产物分布更窄;在草酸浓度为0.07 mol/L、反应温度为130℃、反应时间为3 h的条件下,聚酯/棉混纺织物的分离效果最优;其中棉纤维水解为纤维素材料,得率为91.46%,另有小部分水解为葡萄糖或低聚糖;聚酯纤维回收率高达99.28%,且保留了原有聚酯纤维的性能,可直接生产加工;该反应体系可循环利用多次,实现了废旧聚酯/棉混纺织物的高效综合利用。     

离子液体预处理改善脱墨浆性能的研究

以N-甲基咪唑、氯丁烷和氯丙烯为原料合成两种离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基氯代咪唑([Bmim]Cl)和1-烯丙基-3-甲基氯代咪唑([Amim]Cl)预处理混合办公废纸(MOW),分析其对MOW脱墨效果和成纸物理性能的影响。结果表明:离子液体处理可以改善纤维的某些表面特征,在绝干条件下经过离子液体预处理的MOW,可使其脱墨效果更好,白度明显提高,纤维形态更加均匀,相近打浆度下抄纸,抗张、耐折、耐破等物理指标也有所提高。     

采用催化自溶和生物破壁技术提取啤酒酵母细胞壁多糖

以废弃啤酒酵母为原料采用催化自溶与生物破壁技术生产细胞壁多糖。经过单因素试验后确定了酵母自溶的适宜条件:50～60℃,pH 5.0～6.0,食盐浓度0.8%,VB2浓度200 mg/L,料液比(g∶mL)1∶8～10,剪切微化处理约9 h以上。此外,确定了采用60℃下,1∶10的料液比,0.02%～0.03%的蛋白酶添加量和2%的NaOH浓度为细胞壁多糖的适宜提取条件。此方法得到的细胞壁多糖中甘露聚糖的含量>22%,葡聚糖的含量>35%。同时发现使用酪蛋白钠和改性淀粉作为酵母提取物的微胶囊化材料时,产品喷雾效果好,且不吸潮。     

Hexavalent chromium removal by Osage Orange

This study explores the sorption potential of Osage Orange (Maclura Pomifera) for the removal of Cr(VI) ion. The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, amount of biosorbent and ionic strength on the removal of Cr(VI) ion was studied. The biosorption of Cr(VI) with pulp and peel was investigated in a batch arrangement. The initial and equilibrium concentrations of Cr(VI) ions in aqueous phase were determined by spectrophotometry. The sorption process was pH and concentration dependent. The sorption of Cr(VI) ions increased with a decreasing pH until pH 2. The increase in initial Cr(VI) ions concentration in aqueous phase increased the sorption. The sorption data fitted well with the Langmuir sorption model within the concentration range studied. The observed maximum biosorption capacity by Langmuir sorption model at pH of 2 for M. Pomifera pulp was 0.92 mmol of Cr(VI)/g and for M. Pomifera peel was 0.55 mmol of Cr(VI)/g.     

还原氧化石墨烯/粘胶基钒酸铋光催化材料的制备及其性能

针对钒酸铋(BiVO₄)光催化效率低、难回收的缺点,利用硅烷偶联剂KH-560和氧化石墨烯(GO)依次对粘胶非织造布改性,再利用搅拌水热法在其表面生长BiVO₄制备还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)/粘胶基BiVO₄光催化材料。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱对材料进行了表征,并研究了RGO/粘胶基BiVO₄材料的光催化活性、重复使用性能和光催化机制。结果表明:BiVO₄成功负载在RGO/粘胶非织造布表面,得到了RGO/粘胶基BiVO₄光催化材料;在1 kW氙灯照射下,90 min内对活性黑5脱色率达到95%以上,重复5次后仍达到92%以上;自由基捕捉实验表明,光生空穴、超氧自由基和羟基自由基参与了光化学反应,其中羟基自由基的作用最大。     

ADMIREX滤料技术与应用

分析了日本大金工业株式会社用于垃圾焚烧炉烟气除尘的高性能ADMIREX滤料,阐述了该产品的结构及性能特点,并举例说明新型滤料在各种烟气处理中的应用。     

造纸污泥变废为宝

制浆造纸过程中产生大量的污泥,保守地估计我国造纸业每年约产生300万吨污泥,污泥被当成工业垃圾处理,不但增加了成本,而且还对环境有污染。经研究造纸污泥是一种很有价值的潜在资源,对其合理地加以利用是当前解决资源短缺和环境污染的有力措施之一。     

啤酒废酵母酶法制取酵母浸膏技术

利用添加酶法进行啤酒废酵母细胞壁破碎,生产酵母浸膏调味料。加溶菌酶能显著地加速酵母水解,条件为温度50℃,底物浓度12％,pH7．0,水解时间11h,加酶用量15-20u／g（按干酵母计）;加麦芽根核酸酶可提高呈味核苷酸的含量,条件为温度50℃,pH7．5,加入量为提取液的5．0％麦芽根浸泡液、保温4h。生产的食用酵母浸膏可用在肉食水产品、家用调味料、小吃食品、方便面调料、保健食品中作增鲜剂、风味效良荆和营养强化剂。     

促进提取废酵母内容物的理论研究

主要研究分析了酵母化学结构与组成,提出了酵母自溶、温差破壁、高压均浆三者相结合的方法来促进酵母内容物溶出提高抽提率,探索抽提率比较高的工艺流程。     

Isolation of a powerful antioxidant from Olea europaea fruit-mill waste: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol

Nutritional and antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds are important in relation to human health and palatability of products. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) is a strong antioxidant found in small amounts in virgin olive oil and table olives, with an antioxidant activity even higher than that of the powerful hydroxytyrosol. The origin of this antioxidant is completely unclear since has never been reported as a free plant metabolite. In this respect possible precursors of DHPG have also been discussed in this study. The presence of soluble compounds that either contain DHPG in their molecular structure or act as substrates for its synthesis has been showed for the first time. The quantities of DHPG recovered in olive drupe tissue by thermal treatment exceed widely the values indicated in the literature, showing the release or formation of additional DHPG from precursors after heating. In addition, DHPG obtained under certain extraction conditions from fresh solid waste of two-phase olive oil extraction systems (alperujo) is its most important phenolic compound. Therefore, the solid olive waste is a good source of this simple monomer phenol. The chemical structure, purity and racemic nature of isolated DHPG were also analysed for the first time by NMR experiments.